On average, the rich countries emit 2.3 kg of CO2 for every kg of oil equivalent unit of energy.

The OECD countries, on average, use 160 kilograms of oil equivalent energy for every 1,000 of GDP (measured at purchasing power parity).

Escaping the Oil Curse

Based on an audit of reserves conducted by DeGolyer and MacNaughton and according to the Petroleum Resources Management System standards, the company's proven reserves at the end of 2012 totaled 1.2 billion tonnes of oil equivalent, and its reserve replacement ratio was over 286 .

It is scheduled to supply gas for the equivalent of 30 million homes.

Can Good Emerge From the BP Oil Spill?

The attackers have successfully stopped the flow of a large part of Iraq's oil exports.

He was previously a board member of state owned oil giant Rosneft.

Some people call for the cyber equivalent of formal arms control treaties.

The reserves that Russia accumulated during the oil boom years are steadily being drained away.

Around the world, there is concern about the arrest of Russian oil billionaire Mikhail Khodorkovsky.

One proposed solution is for these countries to engineer the equivalent of a devaluation a uniform decrease in wages.

In the aftermath of the oil price shocks, energy security policy has had four components.

These functions of government, and a federal budget of this size, would, of course, require the equivalent of a finance minister.

This agenda might seem selfish, though understandable from the point of view of an oil billionaire.

The company will be looking for alternative options of oil field development.

Rome responded by reducing the gold silver content (the ancient equivalent of monetization), which led to sustained inflation in the empire.

Sudan, which supplies 7 of China s total oil imports, has benefited from the largest Chinese investments.

In sum, the oil market does not have a problem of scarcity,'' as much as one of volatility.''

General output for the Lisichansky oil refinery plant amounts to almost 7 mln. tonnes of oil stock per year.

So the announcement by Russian Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin that Russia will start an oil stabilization fund comes at a good moment.

The ossified, corrupt, inefficient economy built in the fat years of the oil boom may be impossible to save.

In 1973, with the oil embargo and the closing of the gold window, that was the end of America.

The future position of the City of London, according to Keynes, depended on the pound sterling continuing to serve the business world as the equivalent of gold.

Despite the oil market s size, speculation can move prices because of the inelasticity of demand and supply.

The American president contemplates starting a war with Israel, in order to save the world from oil crisis.

To be sure, in 1814, there was no Jewish equivalent of the violent Jihadism that poisons relations with Muslims in the West today.

In her show, Orosemane makes fun of many accents and stereotypes, from North Africans to the Paris equivalent of an American Valley girl.

Consumers in the US, but also in Europe and Asia, will be hit by an oil shock. They will have less spending power, demand will fall and growth will slow, as during the Gulf War.

With the arrest of Russia's richest man, oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russia has lurched into a deep political crisis.

Putin s apparent aim was to secure financing for Rosneft s purchase of the Yugansk oil field, which was part of the Yukos confiscation.

Consumers in the US, but also in Europe and Asia, will be hit by an oil shock.

Despite the oil market s size, speculation can move prices because of the inelasticity of demand and supply.

In early 2011, OEFA received these reports from Osinergmin when it took over the hydrocarbons environmental enforcement.

The town was founded in 1933, as a settlement along one of the stations of Trans Caspian Railway.

Yet it has begun, and completing it offers the hope of moving from the educational equivalent of bloodletting to vaccines and antibiotics.

Government expenditure exceeded federal revenue, despite rapidly rising foreign exchange earnings from oil exports after 1970.

All this, plus total corruption, still further increased the number of citizens reaching for crumbs of the great oil pie.

In one of the more spectacular condensation reactions, three equivalents of formaldehyde add to MeCHO to give pentaerythritol, C(CH2OH)4.

Indeed, Brazil s embrace of an oil fired future reverses its longstanding policy of reliance on bio fuels.

The drop in oil prices after the mid 1980 s is said to be due to the collapse of the OPEC oil cartel.

Suppose a 500 million petroleum or copper contract needs to be negotiated. This will most likely involve a leading MNE, which can field a negotiating team that includes world class lawyers, geologists, and financial analysts who understand, for example, the trade offs between taxes and royalties and can put them in appropriate language.

In the context of the new Latin American left, Ortega resembles a shoddy imitation of Fidel Castro without the oil wealth of Hugo Chávez.

Suppose a 500 million petroleum or copper contract needs to be negotiated.

For the former colonial countries, who have no equivalent to Obama, to support him fully is a sort of exorcism, if not redemption.