Insurance records may have been lost.

That s what insurance companies and banks do.

Risk premia in Russia have skyrocketed.

Insurance companies operating in Japan repaid some of the losses.

And, in fact, some insurance companies are already beginning to think along these lines.

Owners of red sports cars pay higher insurance rates.

Neither employers, nor insurance companies, may require genetic testing.

Moreover, the premiums would provide price signals that would guide new construction.

Insurance companies have faced a slow and difficult process in weaning the public from these tendencies. Moreover, designing new risk management products is not easy.

To cover the increased costs, they will have to raise premiums, making themselves uncompetitive.

Insurance companies have faced a slow and difficult process in weaning the public from these tendencies.

For example, institutional investors, especially insurance companies and pension funds, have suffered badly.

These special interests included Wall Street, Big Oil, the big health insurers, and arms manufacturers.

Insurance regulators are certainly well aware of the risk of future increases in homeowners insurance premiums.

Insurance companies have not penetrated many of the regions that suffered the greatest losses.

Major hedge funds are presumably looking for ways to become bigger and take on systemic importance.

Airlines automated their reservation systems and insurance companies automated back office sorting and classifying.

Governments, insurance companies, and patients use these names and codes in accounting and budgeting.

Major hedge funds are presumably looking for ways to become bigger and take on systemic importance.

Governments and insurance companies implement better safety requirements in response to construction accidents.

But private insurance companies could solve that problem by creating a new type of emergency insurance that would make enrolling now unnecessary and allow individuals to take advantage of the wait to insure option.

The problem has been aggravated, in the US at least, by the refusal of some health insurance policies to cover treatment for mental illness. Thus, the US Senate s recent approval of the Mental Health Parity Act is a significant step forward.

But insurance and other risk management institutions have been slow to develop, even in advanced countries.

But the transition from here to there will be very challenging for financial firms, be they banks, asset managers or, particularly, insurers.

The problem has been aggravated, in the US at least, by the refusal of some health insurance policies to cover treatment for mental illness.

Unless we do that, homeowners are unsure from year to year whether their insurance policies will be canceled or that their premiums will skyrocket unexpectedly as they have in coastal regions of Florida where there is hurricane and flood risk.

Such rapid increases represent a risk that is on the same order of magnitude as many of the damage risks that the policies are supposed to address.

American workers' organizations, for example, developed insurance benefits for their members and sought to exercise collective control to improve workplace safety.

And when it does, pension funds and insurance companies will be more exposed than ever before to volatility in the equity markets.

In some cases, insurance companies argued that houses were damaged by flood, not wind, which their policies cover more generously.

According to estimates by Robert Klein of Georgia State University, homeowners insurance premiums in Louisiana had already gone up by 70 between 1997 and 2005.

The problem is that private insurance markets do not work well when the buyer knows much more about what is being insured than the seller.

Employers with a large number of full time employees could encourage their existing insurance companies to create the emergency policies.

Many small savers place their savings in so called money market funds that pay a premium over ordinary federally insured deposits.

Tax benefits could also be extended to individual purchases of health insurance by allowing individuals to deduct the premiums that they pay from their taxable incomes.

Insurance companies provide professional, finely detailed risk management that respects the complexity of the dangers to be hedged and responds creatively to individual needs.

Through regulation and administrative directives, banks, insurance companies, and pension funds are being forced to hold much higher shares of government debt than they might voluntarily choose to do.

The premiums would be set so that there would be no reason for insurance companies to withdraw from the market in response to greater risk.

But, while banks with short term funding and many branches originating loans have a deep capacity for holding credit risks, they have a limited capacity for holding market risks, and little capacity for holding liquidity risk. Insurance companies and pension funds, on the other hand, have limited capacity for credit risk, but more for market and liquidity risks.

At the same time, a host of new regulations to promote financial stability are forcing banks, pension funds, and insurance companies to stock up on government securities.

Insurance companies and pension funds, on the other hand, have limited capacity for credit risk, but more for market and liquidity risks.

Insurance companies and mortgage companies ought to be willing to offer such products if they can hedge the home price risks in liquid derivative markets.

The other 30 seats, however, are chosen through functional constituencies, which represent specific interests, such as banks, insurance companies, stockbrokers, chambers of commerce, and transport operators.

In areas where scientists think that there is a likelihood that greater risks will prevail in coming years, high insurance premiums would provide a market incentive to curtail development.

So it is important to consider the causes of underinsurance and whether our insurance institutions are adequate to the risks that we face.