Researchers wanted to combine the cancer cells rapid growth and the normal cells ability to dictate the production of a single specific monoclonal antibody.

IgG antibody is measured when tests for immunity are carried out.

And if an antibody is stuck to one of these things on the cell, it means that's food.

Their goal was to learn more about the rates of cellular mutation and the generation of antibody diversity.

What if we could harness them and convince them to not be an antibody that does something like HIV?

This strategy, working backwards from an antibody to create a vaccine candidate, has never been done before in vaccine research.

The jabs had to be given so frequently to keep antibody levels topped up that they proved expensive and impractical.

Three doses of live attenuated OPV produce protective antibody to all three poliovirus types in more than 95 of recipients.

But the cost of the new vaccine is likely to be far lower, because it turns liver cells into antibody factories.

We saw earlier that HIV is highly variable, that a broad neutralizing antibody latches on and disables multiple variations of the virus.

The Thai results tell us we can make an AIDS vaccine, and the antibody findings tell us how we might do that.

For novel agents, such as the anti HER2 antibody Herceptin , where there is no precedent, this cost must be considered against its novel action, activity, and limited toxicity.

But, as it turned out, these immortal, antibody producing cells were useful not only for scientific inquiry, but also as a novel technological instrument for a variety of medical and industrial applications.

An antibody targeting HER2 appears to be effective both when given alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, but such therapy in the adjuvant setting will raise the cost and complexity of care.

After two doses of IPV (given by injection), 90 or more of individuals develop protective antibody to all three serotypes of poliovirus, and at least 99 are immune to poliovirus following three doses.

For example, some aggressive breast cancers were found to have an excess of a protein called HER2. An antibody targeting HER2 appears to be effective both when given alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, but such therapy in the adjuvant setting will raise the cost and complexity of care.

For some new agents, it is fair to ask whether they truly represent an advance over previously available (less expensive) alternatives. For novel agents, such as the anti HER2 antibody Herceptin , where there is no precedent, this cost must be considered against its novel action, activity, and limited toxicity.