Policy as a whole over the entire euro zone is too deflationary.

With China retaining its under valued currency policy, dollar depreciation can aggravate global deflationary forces.

Facing the Deflationary Threat

Cut off from credit, Argentina entered a deflationary spiral.

The most widely cited example of a deflationary economy is Japan.

That would reinforce the deflationary pressure from globalization for years to come.

With policy interest rates near zero, the argument goes, central banks are more or less helpless to escape the deflationary vortex, and economies become stuck in the infamous liquidity trap.

The result is persistent disinflationary, if not deflationary, pressure, despite aggressive monetary easing.

The global implications of lower emerging market currencies are also likely to be deflationary.

In practice, and especially when deflationary fears are already present, managing private_sector expectations demands considerable subtlety.

Unfortunately, fiscal austerity and structural reforms are at least in the short run recessionary and deflationary.

But the big picture remains Abenomics so far has failed to turn around a deflationary mindset.

Globally, the asymmetric adjustment of creditor and debtor economies has exacerbated this recessionary and deflationary spiral.

Call them fiscal policy, credit policy, monetary policy, and inflation.

It simply reflects the recessionary (or deflationary) force of weak global demand hanging over the world economy.

But overcapacity will lead inevitably to serious deflationary pressures, starting with the manufacturing and real estate sectors.

Presumably, nominal interest rates would move into negative territory only in response to a deep deflationary crisis.

In these circumstances, domestic deflationary policies will only further slow growth and are helpless to stem imported inflation.

China s economy is overheating now, but, over time, its current overinvestment will prove deflationary both domestically and globally.

Thus, deflationary pressure will to some extent result in downward quantity adjustments, which will deepen the real crisis.

Further falls in commodity prices already down 30 from their summer peak will add to these deflationary pressures.

The weakening of the euro and the ECB s aggressive measures may even stop the deflationary pressure later this year.

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That is why Bank of Japan Governor Haruhiko Kuroda should respond accordingly if the tax increase has a deflationary impact.

So policymakers must prevent deflationary expectations from ever taking root by targeting a sufficiently high inflation rate at all times.

Now the worries are about a stagflationary supply shock say, a war with Iran coupled with a deflationary demand shock as housing bubbles go bust. Deflationary pressure could take hold in economies that are contracting, while inflationary pressures increase in economies that are still growing fast.

But defense policy is only one component of foreign policy.

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Here, too, the record since 1980 has been patchy, despite the huge deflationary pressure exerted by low wage competition from Asia.

This rule normally ensures a modicum of coherence and avoids overreactions in exchange rates, but it is insufficient in deflationary times.

This rule normally ensures a modicum of coherence and avoids overreactions in exchange rates, but it is insufficient in deflationary times.

Deflationary pressure could take hold in economies that are contracting, while inflationary pressures increase in economies that are still growing fast.

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