Foreign financing fueled foreign currency credit growth, even for borrowers without foreign currency income.

Foreign financing fueled foreign currency credit growth, even for borrowers without foreign currency income.

Where can I exchange foreign currency?

This is equivalent to foreign currency debt.

Most developing countries have accumulated massive foreign currency reserves.

Is Italian euro debt denominated in local or foreign currency?

It has paid off its foreign debt and built up foreign currency reserves of 450 billion.

Due to sanctions, accepting foreign currency through banking is not possible.

Russia needed to borrow, and it was borrowing heavily in foreign currency.

Small savers have every reason to switch into foreign currency as well.

Foreign reporters are under constant surveillance and risk compromising their contacts.

So cultural openness poses the risk that we debase the currency of our values.

So none of the countries at risk would seriously consider reintroducing a national currency.

Other positive aspects notwithstanding, the presence of foreign banks is associated with currency mismatches.

Foreign Policy magazine considers Sudan the country most at risk of state failure.

I'll remind you of the anxious times in the currency market at the end of January, when there was an increased demand for foreign currency, as well as on the third of March, when the Central Bank sold off a record volume of foreign currency.

For Brazil to defend its currency, it was necessary to maintain punishingly high interest rates at home in order to encourage investors, foreign and domestic, to risk keeping their money in Brazil.

By transferring their right to print money to the European Central Bank (ECB), member countries exposed themselves to the risk of default, like Third World countries heavily indebted in a foreign currency.

Low inflation, no currency risk, decreased transaction costs, and greater transparency have made the euro a success.

But foreign currency speculators and international investors are not looking forward to either of these scenarios.

Developing nations should also push for a Tobin tax a tax on global foreign currency transactions.

Indeed, in September alone, China s foreign currency reserves increased by almost 100 billion compared to August.

Even the common currency has so far not really caught on it is useful, but somehow foreign.

Its huge foreign currency reserves give it the freedom to ignore the IMF and the US Treasury.

Keeping the currency relatively stable was considered a higher priority than preventing the loss of foreign reserves.

If allowing a currency to appreciate freely is costly, the second option is unsterilized foreign exchange intervention.

To preserve its precious foreign currency reserves, Egypt needs the US and its allies to provide foodstuffs.

This design helped spread the earthquake risk from Japan to foreign investors, who could accept the risk and were enticed by higher expected yields.

TOKYO The risk of global currency and trade wars is rising, with most economies now engaged in competitive devaluations.

And they can be disastrous to exporting economies, which risk rapid currency appreciation and thus a loss of competitiveness.

There is also a risk of greater currency market volatility if the Fed jumps the gun in raising rates.

The foreign currency purchased will be credited to the accounts of the Federal Treasury at the Central Bank.

Foreign lenders who underestimated the risk of short term loans to Indonesia and Korea would have charged higher risk premiums in a floating rate world.

High interest rate compensate for the risk that Argentina might stop paying the debts or devalue the currency or both.

But this time, credit expansion is not flowing into housing construction, but rather into commodity speculation and foreign currency.

Currency Chaos

Investors did not understand that Argentina was at risk of longer term stagnation as a result of its currency board gamble.

CAMBRIDGE Is the United States position as the world s dominant superpower at risk if the dollar loses its super currency status?

If there is significant exchange rate risk, such as in non reserve currency countries, that, too, should be taken into account.

Latin America will finish 2007 with a current account surplus and growing foreign currency reserves, insulating them from financial crisis.

The ensuing currency battles are being fought on several fronts foreign exchange intervention, quantitative easing, and capital controls on inflows.

In fact, quantitative easing is a more effective tool to weaken a currency, as foreign exchange intervention is usually sterilized.

Today, an economy's ability to compete in a globalized economy is paramount to how foreign exchange markets value a currency.

Until recently, China, which holds foreign currency reserves of more than 1.2 trillion (the world s largest), followed this policy, too.

At the source, capital requirements for currency mismatches in portfolios, together with margin requirements on foreign exchange derivatives, make sense.