No major study has shown that syringe exchange programs increase rates of drug use.

An increase in US interest rates is not necessarily bad news for emerging countries.

Should governments try to increase monetary velocity by selling bonds, thereby boosting short term interest rates?

But this becomes apparent only when the debt has to be refinanced or interest rates increase.

Reduced rates of return will lower investment rates.

As long as nominal interest rates are rising because of inflation expectations, the increase is part of the solution, not part of the problem.

Foreign capital inflows would allow them to draw on the savings of rich countries, increase their investment rates, and stimulate growth.

Stabilization of exchange rates implies an aggressive targeting of interest rates.

First, while the US Federal Reserve continued hiking short term interest rates, long terms rates did not increase in tandem, which allowed housing prices to continue rising.

Of course, it is possible for too large of an increase to put pressure on real interest rates, thereby crowding out potential private investment.

Many believe the rapid increase in cancer rates is a result of environmental pollution from the last few decades of intense growth in China.

But, whereas Europeans, with crime rates well below American rates for the past half century, could long afford to be relatively soft on most crimes, they have seen their crime rates increase sharply during the past twenty years. By contrast, American rates have fallen, in part because of greater use of punishment.

Whatever the reason, unless coverage for all three doses increases, cervical cancer and pre cancer rates will increase.

The resulting increase in real long term interest rates will reduce all forms of interest sensitive spending, adding further to the economy s weakness.

There is only one way out for Asia a significant increase in real, or inflation adjusted, policy interest rates.

They would punish fiscally prudent governments, as interest rates would inevitably increase in countries like the Netherlands or Germany.

The low level of all interest rates that resulted from this policy drove investors to buy equities and to increase the prices of owner occupied homes.

Signature rates were therefore likely more reflective of rates of literacy among French immigrants.

But they have a negative impact on income in the long run because they encourage households to increase fertility rates.

Although the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low for a protracted period, the corporate sector did not increase its investment.

If China attempts to lower its money supply by raising interest rates, it will trigger a corresponding increase in demand for renminbi, as foreign capital seeks to take advantage of higher interest rates on Chinese assets.

Simplified Chinese characters were promoted by the Chinese Communist Party in mainland China to increase literacy rates after the establishment of the PRC in 1949.

First, increase the age of retirement.

In each case, a small increase in today's very low inflation rates would eliminate any real gain from investing in bonds.

Finally, international competition for inward foreign direct investment may lead governments to reduce tax rates and increase concessions for foreign investors.

Fortunately, the market consensus concerning the dollar s inevitable rise as US interest rates increase is almost certainly wrong, for three reasons.

When that happens, inflationary expectations will mount, long term government bond yields will rise, mortgage rates and private market rates will increase, and one would end up with stagflation (inflation and recession).

To ease the constraints on household income, China needs more rapid exchange rate appreciation, liberalization of interest rates, and a much sharper increase in wage growth.

CAMBRIDGE The near term outlook for the US economy has improved, owing to the sharp increase in household wealth in 2013, together with the end of the fiscal drag caused by the increase in tax rates in 2012.

That is why its adoption is often associated with an increase in value added tax rates (as has occurred throughout Eastern Europe).

To help reduce its poverty, Africa must strive to increase even further its growth rates and sustain them over a long period.

Clearly, the Fed s objective is to increase bond prices, in the hope that lower long term interest rates will propel corporate investment.

And many issuers are extending the maturity structure of their obligations to lock in current rates, which cannot go much lower (but could potentially increase a lot).

increase transparency.

increase transparency.

Thereafter, rates would rise with market rates, but never fall when market rates declined.

Such predictions were bolstered by reportedannual economic growth rates of 5 6 and an increase in the USSR s share of global output, from 11 to 12.3 , between 1950 and 1970.

The incidence of corruption could well increase.

It increases the profitability of manufacturing and non traditional agricultural sectors, which are the activities with both the highest level of labor productivity and with the most rapid rates of productivity increase.

For example, although in Peru corruption was pervasive elsewhere, government reforms that lowered tax rates managed to increase tax revenue from 8.4 of GDP in 1991 to 12.3 in 1998, and increase the number of taxpayers from 895,000 in 1993 to 1,766,000 in 1999.

The increase in gasoline prices is a tactical increase.

China s policymakers also need to introduce measures to increase labor force participation rates, rethink wage policy, and make social insurance programs portable nationwide.

The Long Mystery of Low Interest Rates

For the ECB, an increase of 50 basis points could do the job at this point after which rates could probably be put on hold for some time.

But, despite this understanding, the major central banks continue to maintain extremely low interest rates as a way to increase demand and, with it, the rate of inflation.