Instead, they adopted counter cyclical measures aimed at preventing the economy from overheating.

To avoid such an outcome, China s leaders must urgently adopt counter cyclical measures.

Whatever one thinks of those measures, taking counter cyclical policy action is almost always better than doing nothing when an economy is overheating.

The International Monetary Fund suggests that as much as 75 of the fiscal stimulus in the advanced countries comprises non discretionary counter cyclical measures.

The overdraft facility could again be financed with counter cyclical issues of SDRs.

But it is counter cyclical efforts, institutions, and instruments that are sorely needed instead.

The EU does not have a robust centralized fiscal structure with a counter cyclical mandate.

Facing an external shock, the Chinese government should and can maintain a 7.5 growth rate by taking counter cyclical and proactive fiscal policy measures, while maintaining a prudent monetary policy.

What counter measures China will deploy are yet to be discerned.

In the case of the IMF, the financing for such liquidity could be counter cyclical issues of SDRs.

Moreover, a counter cyclical policy would signal to the world these countries willingness to take on global responsibilities.

But IMF accounting inhibits the use of these funds to help stabilize an economy through counter cyclical fiscal spending.

To make the scheme counter cyclical, the SDR issues could be callable in tranches when the global economy overheats.

Given this, China s economic slowdown since the first quarter of 2010 has apparently been caused mainly by external and cyclical factors. Facing an external shock, the Chinese government should and can maintain a 7.5 growth rate by taking counter cyclical and proactive fiscal policy measures, while maintaining a prudent monetary policy.

Counter cyclical policy can moderate these negative effects, but it cannot undo the damage or accelerate the recovery beyond fairly strict limits.

The only effective response is counter cyclical capital account management discouraging foreign borrowing during economic upswings and preventing capital flight during downswings.

It was before Hamas had won the Palestinian election, eliciting various counter measures by Israel.

One linear, one cyclical.

That's a cyclical process.

Growth must become more stable, with a consistently counter cyclical macroeconomic policy stance, prudent capital account management, and greater resilience to external shocks.

As the current crisis has demonstrated yet again, capitalism needs stabilizing arrangements such as a lender of last resort and counter cyclical fiscal policy.

If, for example, terrorism almost never happens, it's really hard to judge the efficacy of counter terrorist measures.

Japan's crisis is systemic, not cyclical.

Indeed, because standard measures of the probability of default fall when the economy is doing well and rise when it is not, capital requirements based on these measures tend to be pro cyclical.

Counter sanctions.

In the recent IMF document, the Fund proposes a set of guidelines that countries should use for capital account regulations (which they call capital flow management measures, or CFMs). The guidelines correctly emphasize that these regulations should complement, not replace, counter cyclical macroeconomic policies.

Surely, today s low volatility is partly cyclical.

The rules, frankly, are too pro cyclical.

Counter cyclical capital requirements fit with this idea, and a range of indicators could be used to calibrate the increase in capital requirements, coupled perhaps with some discretion.

If those SDRs were issued during crises, like the one that emerging and developing economies are confronting today, the result would be a truly counter cyclical global monetary policy.

Today s Counter Enlightenment

Economists call these cyclical fiscal boosts automatic stabilizers.''

Reaffirming that all measures to counter terrorism must be in strict conformity with international law, including international human rights standards and obligations,

Counter insurgency and counter narcotics are two sides of the same coin.

Condoms behind the counter.

This is counter intuitive.

More effective use of counter cyclical policies may have subsequently smoothed out the economic cycle, but this cannot explain why productivity and incomes also grew more rapidly than in the 19th century.

Reaffirming that all measures to counter terrorism must be in strict conformity with the relevant provisions of international law, including international human rights standards,

Terrorism and Counter Terrorism Reconsidered

Where is the information counter?

Tom leaned on the counter.

Tom sat at the counter.

This is completely counter productive.

I sat at the counter.

Fourth, in choosing cyclical measures to deal with structural problems, policymakers have complicated matters even more a reflection, again, of their inability to understand the unusual challenges that they face.