According to recent data prepared by the investment bank J. P. Morgan, international banks lent the 25 main emerging markets a total of 100 billion in net loans (that is, loans minus repayments) in 1995, 121 billion in 1996, and 46 billion in 1997, only to demand net repayments of 95 billion in 1998.

In emerging Asia, the swing was the worst from 81 billion in loans 1996 to 84 billion in net repayments in 1998.

More relevant is the availability of loans.

Repayments followed from other large debtors, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Serbia, and Turkey.

And most mortgage holders probably expected to refinance their mortgages before their rising interest rate trebled or quadrupled monthly repayments. Another hoped for benefit was that capital gains could be converted into home equity loans, boosting homeowners living standards.

Emergency loans are equally important.

He always loans me money.

America s credit excesses were in residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, credit cards, auto loans, and student loans.

They are underpinned by home loans.

When Tom lost his job, he couldn't keep up his mortgage repayments and he was threatened with foreclosure.

The same holds for households, with millions of weaker and poorer borrowers defaulting on mortgages, credit cards, auto loans, student loans, and other forms of consumer credit.

Moreover, the CBR scheduled a special auction for such loans on December 15 with the total amount of the loans similar to that of Rosneft s bond issue.

For the poorest countries in the world, a bold cancellation of debts, so that new aid is not simply recycled for debt repayments.

This undermines the IMF s relevance and is at the root of the early repayments that have left the Fund with almost no income.

Government loans were offered for housing construction.

I wouldn't expect a significant reduction in the share of bad loans.

The major concern, however, is evidence of a growing volume of non performing loans.

These borrowings caused a surge in non performing bank loans in the early and mid 1990 s, when total non performing loans hit 40 of GDP.

Businesses were encouraged with government subsidies and loans.

Unable to repay their loans, they kill themselves.

The interest rates for such loans are high.

And most mortgage holders probably expected to refinance their mortgages before their rising interest rate trebled or quadrupled monthly repayments.

Consumption in Russia is supported also by a rapid growth of consumer loans.

At the start of Koizumi s government, 8.4 of bank loans in Japan were non performing.

Most of this is accumulated interest on loans borrowed by rapacious dictators of the past.

Consumer credit began in China only in the late 1990 s, with regulations allowing banks to offer mortgage loans, which now amount to about 10 of total loans.

Generously interpreted, past loans reflected naïve optimism that with a bit of seed money, politically and economically backward countries would generate majestic growth and effortlessly repay their loans.

This is primarily a crisis of non payment of unsecured consumer loans and massive job cuts.

These repayments are all expected to happen against the backdrop of a weaker Kenyan shilling and a stronger US dollar, which majority of Kenya s external debts are denominated in.

So, is there an alternative to the old fashioned monitoring of loans by banks?

Regulators relied mainly on examination of individual loans rather than capital to asset ratios.

The implication is that they need grants, not loans.

10 13 is a comfortable rate for investment loans.

Can you pay off your loans in a year?

Its loans are limited to a multiple of a country s contributions to its capital, and by this measure its loans to Greece are higher than any in its history.

In the US, loans for cars and homes loans that now aren t being paid back are the major factor behind the financial crisis.

That is why it has become so difficult for small and medium sized companies to get new loans or to refinance existing loans.

But they ought to be making even deeper concessions on debt repayments, where the overhang still creates considerable policy uncertainty for investors.

There was a housing bubble, and loans were made on the basis of inflated prices.

Losses are spreading from sub prime to near prime and prime mortgages, commercial mortgages, and unsecured consumer credit (credit cards, auto loans, student loans).

As their capital declines, so, too, do their future loans.

Yet the EBRD does more than make much needed loans.

In practical terms, the February 20 Eurogroup agreement, which provided a four month extension for loan repayments, offers an important opportunity for progress.

Moreover, securitization contributed to bad lending in the old days, banks that originated bad loans bore the consequences in the new world of securitization, the originators could pass the loans onto others.

Banks and other lenders are extending credit to lower quality borrowers, to borrowers with large quantities of existing debt, and as loans with fewer conditions on borrowers (so called covenant lite loans ).