Restructuring was crucial to revitalizing Sweden's financial sector, and is necessary in Japan.

Their emphasis has been on countercyclical measures intended to moderate the downturn rather than on restructuring.

Their emphasis has been on countercyclical measures intended to moderate the downturn rather than on restructuring.

Technically, successful financial deleveraging means restructuring their debts and forcing some of them into bankruptcy.

Financial authorities resort to increasingly desperate measures in order to buy time.

This means that the financial world measures risk according to its own interests.

Second, procrastinate on all but inevitable adjustments, because reform, restructuring and cleaning up financial messes never attracts new cronies.

Second, procrastinate on all but inevitable adjustments, because reform, restructuring and cleaning up financial messes never attracts new cronies.

But that begs the question why should an involuntary restructuring lead to worse contagion than a voluntary restructuring of comparable depth? If the banking system were well regulated, with banks holding sovereign debt having purchased insurance, an involuntary restructuring should perturb financial markets less.

To the extent that government becomes involved in restructuring financial institutions, it should avoid unnecessary wealth transfers from taxpayers to the security holders of the financial institutions.

Devaluation and debt restructuring worked.

Were the measures taken two weeks ago to shore up the financial system simply wrong?

Initial conditions matter in economic restructuring

Painful restructuring is sure to follow.

Awaiting that restructuring, financial institutions could not perform as usual, which impeded financial intermediation and called into question plans, relations, and contracts such as corporate and residential investment or refinancing.

Second, financial deregulation and internal market measures open a much larger scope for cross border transactions.

Given the central role of financial intermediation in the current crisis, the government should instead expedite the restructuring process through bankruptcy law.

Calls for immediate debt restructuring went unheeded.

The Lethal Deferral of Greek Debt Restructuring

Defaulting, restructuring, changing the terms has consequences.

If no measures are taken to increase the minimum equity requirements for banks and other financial institutions, financial crises like the current one could recur.

If the banking system were well regulated, with banks holding sovereign debt having purchased insurance, an involuntary restructuring should perturb financial markets less.

First, the measures put in place earlier to repair the financial system must be refined and consolidated.

But the necessary financial measures can no longer be implemented while respecting states traditional and full sovereignty.

The technical remedies for restoring financial balance are rather straightforward and entail either explicit or implicit measures.

3. States Parties shall consider implementing appropriate and feasible measures to require financial institutions, including money remitters

He will need to stimulate the economy and avoid protectionist pressures at home, while also taking the lead in restructuring the global financial system.

He will need to stimulate the economy and avoid protectionist pressures at home, while also taking the lead in restructuring the global financial system.

To spur investment, new measures have been undertaken to allow foreign banks to enter the Iranian financial system.

These measures contributed to the improved economic fundamentals that helped limit the impact of the global financial crisis.

European countries have become so interconnected that isolated national measures on issues like financial market regulation are hopeless.

There is, moreover, little evidence that a deep involuntary restructuring would be any more traumatic than a deep voluntary restructuring.

Securitization made debt restructuring difficult, if not impossible.

Alternatives to a debt restructuring are fast disappearing.

That necessitates restructuring both tax and expenditure programs.

A country drowning in debt needs debt restructuring.

So began the restructuring of the sugar industry.

The safe assumption is that it will kiss good bye to any thought of further financial opening or restructuring and, instead, move sharply into reverse.

Insolvent states need help with restructuring, both in the financial sector and well beyond it, so that they can work their way out of crisis.

But that begs the question why should an involuntary restructuring lead to worse contagion than a voluntary restructuring of comparable depth?

If the bonds were acceptable as collateral before the restructuring, surely they were safer after the restructuring, and thus equally acceptable.

Border measures

Performance measures

Performance measures

Preventive measures