Private sector capital flows now dwarf traditional public sector aid flows.

Private capital flows have exploded since, dwarfing trade in goods and services.

Capital flows have reversed.

This approach would also allow for climate investments to be financed through private capital flows.

True, private capital flows have surged in the wake of global liberalization and these countries privatization schemes.

Afterward, capital flows to developing countries stagnated.

What is the result? Capital flows have reversed.

In a world where private capital flows dwarf the resources at its disposal, the IMF had come to seem an anachronism.

Nor, on balance, has liberalization of capital flows stabilized consumption.

Prudential controls on capital flows make a lot of sense.

But larger financial flows are needed, particularly from the private sector.

The IMF was originally conceived in 1944 in a world without major private capital flows, one in which states undertook almost all international transactions.

But even though net international capital flows are going the wrong way, there are still substantial gross capital flows outward from the world economy s core to its periphery.

Freeing up capital flows had an inexorable logic or so it seemed.

Central banks were instituted with the responsibility of managing disorderly capital flows.

Such huge capital flows are entirely possible, but what will drive them?

In a globalized world, capital flows have accelerated and extended their reach.

Pushing countries to liberalize their capital markets and open them up to speculative capital flows is one example.

Third, international private investment flows are essential. It is the private sector that will finance most low carbon, sustainable growth.

Particularly ironic was the provision designed to restrict Chile's use of capital controls for short term speculative capital flows.

Over the last two decades a period when globalization opened up the world financial system private capital flows have contributed more to developing economies growth than has ODA.

Capital and know how flows across borders, so traditional bilateral trade flows have been replaced by a complex web of international commercial relations.

Private flows are no longer the tail, but the dog that wags the development agenda.

Capital controls and fiscal incentives will keep legitimate private capital at home and promote domestic investment.

Strauss Kahn s response that taxes on capital flows are costly and ineffective is therefore unfortunate.

And, to address volatile capital flows, countries should increase exchange rate flexibility, maintain adequate international reserves, and implement carefully designed capital controls.

International capital flows will also magnify such demographic spillover effects, as capital is traded at the interest rates determined in large industrial economies.

Referring to capital controls, John Maynard Keynes famously said what used to be heresy restrictions on capital flows is now endorsed as orthodoxy.

Of course, Wall Street (whose interests the US Treasury represents) profits from capital market liberalization they make money as capital flows in, as it flows out, and in the restructuring that occurs in the resulting havoc.

An invasion of short term capital flows fleeing the slow growth, low interest rate advanced countries.

Emerging market economies were told to remove controls on international capital flows upon joining the OECD.

Moreover, capital flows, upon which Georgia is highly dependent, have been interrupted since the conflict started.

Emerging market economies were told to remove controls on international capital flows upon joining the OECD.

So there is no way Europe will become a magnet for world capital flows anytime soon.

Business capital includes private companies factories, machines, transport equipment, and information systems.

True, the Bank s poorest clients have little access to private capital markets.

The IMF was originally conceived in 1944 in a world without major private capital flows, one in which states undertook almost all international transactions. Extending its mission to include some private sector rescues would recognize the preponderant role that markets now play.

Since there were no substantial capital flows for a long time, this did not matter at first.

But it is inducing massive capital flows to emerging markets, where they are generating asset price bubbles.

Artificially low exchange rates, restrictions on capital flows, and excessively large currency reserves all create global imbalances.

During this period of restrictions on capital flows, Chile grew rapidly, by 7 per year on average.

Everything flows.

Water flows.

But we all know the outcome while international capital flows soared, the large net flow of capital from rich to poor countries simply never materialized.

Prudential controls on capital flows make a lot of sense. Short term flows not only wreak havoc with domestic macroeconomic management, but they also aggravate adverse exchange rate movements.