For more conventional value chains, the surplus tends to go to the inputs that have greater market power.

Second, emerging market bears point out that these economies have gained major productivity benefits from the migration of surplus rural labor to urban areas, a surplus that will soon be exhausted.

China s purchases of American debt effectively transferred the official reserves gained via China s trade surplus back to the US market.

Now it has a surplus.

That's the second half of cognitive surplus.

Who gets to pocket this team surplus ?

President Bush's tax cut, however, squandered the surplus.

But the impact will extend beyond the surplus countries.

Today s big surplus countries do not need large reserves.

Clay Shirky How cognitive surplus will change the world

Drastic price drop causes shortage instead of massive surplus.

To do so, the US will need a trade surplus.

China's current account surplus and export growth have, indeed, fallen.

Equally problematic is Germany s focus on maintaining a fiscal surplus.

This typically happens when the government runs a primary surplus.

After all, game theory dictates that, once the surplus is eliminated, the dominant producer must prevent oil prices from rising high enough to cause it to lose market share again.

Saudi Arabia also has a bilateral and multilateral surplus Americans want its oil, and Saudis want fewer US products. Even in absolute value, Saudi Arabia s multilateral merchandise surplus of 212 billion in 2008 dwarfs China s 175 billion surplus as a percentage of GDP, Saudi Arabia s current account surplus, at 11.5 of GDP, is more than twice that of China.

In the past year, the RMB has appreciated by 6 , but the pace is not fast enough to reduce China s global trade surplus, its internal imbalances, or foreign exchange market pressures.

The US current account deficit and the Asian surplus will shrink.

Booming tax receipts have provided the government with a fiscal surplus.

With the global economy recovering, China s trade surplus began to grow.

As a result, the total eurozone trade surplus is now massive.

The US is draining a whopping 75 of the world s surplus savings.

But the flip side of the trade surplus is the capital outflow.

Africa has a surplus of agricultural labor and too few other jobs.

That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.

Access to market information, for example, can ensure that farmers selling their surplus crops are not cheated by unscrupulous traders, and that fishermen can land their catch at the port offering the best price.

But the health care market is not an ordinary market.

The Washington Consensus starts by asking how big a budget surplus is needed in order to keep indebtedness within bounds the higher the interest rates, the bigger the required surplus.

More recently, however, China has been running a large multilateral surplus as well.

So its trade surplus continues to soar at the expense of other countries.

In ancient times, India ran a large trade surplus with the Roman empire.

Similarly, Russia s current account balance has been mostly in surplus in recent years.

SINGAPORE These days everyone seems to want to run a current account surplus.

60 74. Problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus

61 72. Problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus

Nine months ago, Greece had a budget surplus and prospects for economic growth.

A Hacker s Market?

Stock Market Fantasies

Nishiki Market (Kyoto)

Kampot fish market

Banks are currently holding more than 700 billion of surplus liquidity at the ECB, earning only one quarter of 1 interest. This assures a large and ready market for the bills at 1 or less.

Indeed, Keynes believed that it was surplus countries, far more than deficit countries, that posed a threat to global prosperity he went so far as to recommend a tax on surplus countries.

For Chinese policy makers, today's market pressures are not high enough to force them to take action, as China still enjoys a decent surplus in its balance of payments, both on current account and capital account.

Banks are currently holding more than 700 billion of surplus liquidity at the ECB, earning only one quarter of 1 interest. nbsp This assures a large and ready market for the bills at 1 or less.